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A 3-port optical circulator is a non-reciprocal passive device that directs light sequentially from Port 1 to Port 2, Port 2 to Port 3, and Port 3 to Port 1. 1) The Maximum IL is under all states of polarization and within full operating temperature and wavelength ranges as specified. 2) Parameters do not include connectors.
An optical circulator is a three- or four-port designed such that entering any port exits from the next. This means that if light enters port 1 it is emitted from port 2, but if some of the emitted light is reflected back to the circulator, it does not come out of port 1 but instead exits from port 3. This is analogous to the operation of an electronic. Fiber-optic circulators are used to separate optical signals.