The combination of thermoelectric generator (TEG) with photovoltaic (PV) systems offers significant benefits, such as using waste heat from PV to produce electricity, reducing the operating temperature of PV to extend its service life, and enhancing the efficiency of overall energy. The combination of thermoelectric generator (TEG) with photovoltaic (PV) systems offers significant benefits, such as using waste heat from PV to produce electricity, reducing the operating temperature of PV to extend its service life, and enhancing the efficiency of overall energy. Hybrid photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric generator (TEG) systems combine heat and light energy harvesting in a single module by utilizing the entire solar spectrum. This work analyzed the feasibility and performance of a hybrid photovoltaic–thermoelectric generator system with efficient thermal. This paper enables a comprehensive look at the solar thermal (PVT) systems that integrate the power generation from solar cells and heat harvesting by thermal collectors. It definitely focuses on the development of PVT technology with special interest in the PVT-water and PVT-air, along with the. The majority of incident solar irradiance causes thermalization in photovoltaic (PV) cells, attenuating their efficiency. In order to use solar energy on a large scale and reduce carbon emissions, their efficiency must be enhanced. However, PVCs require prolonged exposure to sunlight to work, resulting in elevated temperatures and worsened performances.
