In 1966, Kao proposed that it would be possible to make a low-loss optical fiber using impurity-free silica glass (SiO2). (1) After subsequent technological develop-ments, a low loss of 17 dB/km was demonstrated by Keck et al. in. 1930s-1950s – Fiber Bundles for Imaging: Researchers started using fiber bundles to transmit images, particularly for medical endoscopes. However, these early fibers suffered from extremely high signal loss—over 1,000 dB/km, making them impractical for long-distance communication. This comprehensive review explores OFC's historical evolution, core principles, components, and versatile applications. Optical fibers, core components of global communication infrastructure, are capable of transmitting data over long. Fiber loss, also called fiber optic attenuation or attenuation loss, refers to the loss of signal between input and output.
