To provide effective and reliable protection to the power system, a protective relay must have the following essential functional characteristics: Selective, Fast, Stable, Reliability, Sensitivity, Simple Construction and Installation Mechanism, and Cost-effective. Recognized under 2(f) and 12 (B) of UGC ACT 1956 (Affiliated to JNTUH, Hyderabad, Approved by AICTE - Accredited by NBA & NAAC – 'A' Grade - ISO 9001:2015 Certified) Maisammaguda, Dhulapally (Post Via. Eng, IEEE Life Fellow IEEE/IAS/I&CPSD Protection & Coordination WG Chair Jacobs Canada, Calgary, AB rasheek. com IEEE Southern Alberta Section PES/IAS Joint Chapter Technical Seminar - November 2016. Thus, relays act as a decision-making unit in power system protection. Protective relays can be classified based on their operating principle, construction, or function: 1. Based on Operating Principle Electromechanical Relays: Work using moving parts and electromagnetic forces (traditional. A protective relay is an intelligent device that senses abnormal electrical conditions, such as overcurrent, under-voltage, or frequency deviations. This prevents damage to equipment, reduces downtime, and safeguards. Power System Protection Definition: Power system protection is defined as the methods and technologies used to detect and isolate faults in an electrical power system to prevent damage to other parts of the system. Sequence Components and Fault Analysis: sequence impedance, fault calculations, Single line to ground fault, Line to ground fault with Zf, Faults in Power syst ional relays, Distance relays, Differential relays. Feeder Prot ction: Over current.